O Toluidine Pesticides Raw Materials 99% Purity Organic Intermediate

Organic Chemical Raw Materials Pesticide Intermediates Named O-Toluidine

O-Toluidine is absorbed through inhalation and dermal contact. Extensive absorption of o-toluidine from the gastrointestinal tract was observed. The main excretion pathway is through the urine where up to one-third of the administered compound was recovered unchanged. Major metabolites are 4-amino-m-cresol and to a lesser extent, N-acetyl-4-amino-m-cresol, azoxytoluene, o-nitrosotoluene, N-acetyl-o-toluidine, N-acetyl-o-aminobenzyl alcohol, anthranilic acid, N-acetyl-anthranilic acid, 2-amino-m-cresol, p-hydroxy-o-toluidine. Conjugates that were formed were predominated by sulfate conjugates over glucuronide conjugates by a ratio of 6:1.

O-Toluidine induces tumours in rodents and DNA lesions in multiple organs. Most studies reported that o-Toluidine was not mutagenic in S. typhimurium, some other studies reported positive responses in the same strains. The N-oxidized metabolite of o-Toluidine, N-hydroxy-o-Toluidine, was mutagenic in S. typhimurium strain TA100 (Gupta et al., 1987). O-Toluidine, induced intrachromosomal recombination, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in an assay that is responsive to the induction of DNA deletions (Carls & Schiestl, 1994); this result was reduced in the presence of an antioxidant. Others reported effects of o-Toluidine (Danford, 1991) include the induction of sister chromatid exchange, aneuploidy, unscheduled DNA synthesis, DNA strand breaks, and cell transformation in vitro, and the induction of micronuclei in peripheral blood of rats treated in vivo (Suzuki et al., 2005). The formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in calf thymus DNA incubated in vitro with 4-amino-3-methylphenol, a metabolite of o-Toluidine, suggests a potential role of reactive oxygen species in the DNA-damaging effects of this aromatic amine (Ohkuma et al., 1999). O-Toluidine induced DNA lesions – measured by means of the comet assay – in multiple organs of exposed rats and mice (Sekihashi et al., 2002): increased DNA migration was observed in the liver, bladder, lung, and stomach of mice, and in the liver, bladder, and brain of rats.